In this article, we’ll discuss Somatoform Disorders. Somatoform disorder refers to a condition where an individual experiences physical symptoms that are caused by a mental illness. Therefore, not all physical problems will show up in blood investigations, and not every issue has an organic cause. Some physical problems can also be caused by mental factors.
Types of Somatoform Disorders:
- Somatization Disorder
- Conversion Disorder
- Hypochondriasis
- Body Dysmorphic Disorder
- Pain Disorder
Somatization Disorder:
In this disorder, an individual experiences pain in two or more body parts for a long time, but investigations do not reveal a physical cause.
This problem is more common in women than in men and tends to be long-lasting. Approximately 80% of diagnoses occur only after five years of experiencing the symptoms. If someone in the family has a somatoform disorder, there is a 10-20% chance that female relatives will also develop it. This problem, which often begins before the age of 30, can significantly impact an individual’s work and life due to its chronic nature.
Conversion Disorder:
This disorder affects an individual’s sensation and motor function in their limbs. It affects women twice as often as men. It most commonly appears on the left side of the body. This problem is often observed in individuals with lower education levels and limited resources. It can be associated with depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. These physical symptoms can also be seen as a way to release repressed internal conflicts. Although family members sometimes perceive it as “acting,” it’s crucial to understand that this problem is not something the individual can control or produce at will. Symptoms can range from numbness and weakness in the limbs to tingling, immobility, and loss of consciousness.
Hypochondriasis:
In this condition, an individual develops a false belief that they have a serious illness and takes this belief as truth. They misinterpret their bodily sensations, leading to distress. Patients are often unaware that these thoughts are the root cause of their symptoms and remain focused on their physical symptoms. They frequently consult many doctors in an attempt to find a diagnosis. This problem, which can last from 20 to 30 years, affects women and men equally. Psychologists suggest that this problem can arise when individuals are unable to fulfill their responsibilities or cope with life’s challenges. It can last for months to years. Individuals without personality disorders, with good income, and who experience sudden onset symptoms are more likely to recover.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder:
In this disorder, an individual feels that a part of their body is crooked, deformed, or asymmetrical. This problem is more common in women, typically affecting individuals between 15 and 30 years old. It is often seen in unmarried individuals and can be associated with depression, anxiety disorder, and psychosis. This problem most commonly concerns hair (63%), nose (15%), skin (15%), and eyes (8%).
Pain Disorder:
In this disorder, an individual experiences pain in a specific body part. Some individuals express their stress through pain. Common complaints include back pain, headaches, and facial/cheek pain.
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